Aphorisms on Nephritics, collected by Culpeper, (Composita, 1656):

• That the watery humor may be separated from the Blood, nature has added the Reins [Kidneys] to the rest of the bowels.
• Because a man should do something alse besides continually piss, the Bladder was added to contain the Urine.
• Both of these are easily corrupted by the vice of the Urine
• The Urine is stopped by Stones or Inflammations, or gross humors, therefore Medicines appropriated to the Reins [Kidneys] and Bladder (which are called Nephritica and Cystica) are to be distinguished into three parts: 1. Some Cool. 2. Some cut gross Humors. 3. Others break the Stone.
• Those Medicines are then proper to the Reins and Bladder, which are lenitive, cut and extenuate without violent Heat.

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Warming Nephritics

Sea Holly root	Southernwood
Asparagus root	Butchers Broom
Almond	Nettle
Pistachio nut	Fennel
Rocket	Carrot
Juniper berry	Saxifrage
Licorice	Gromwell
Betony	Cubeb
Mugwort	Pellitory
Cinnamon	Spikenard
Clove	Rue
Nutmeg	Lovage
Madder	Peach kernel
Opening Roots	Decoction of Chickpeas

Warming Nephritic Compounds

Honey Water	Candied Ginger
Diagalanga	Oxymel of Squill
Triphera Saracenica Mag	Syrup of 2 Opening Roots
Diacalaminthum	Syrup of 5 Opening Roots
Dialacca Mesue	Aromaticum Rosatum
Electuary for a Duke	Theriac

Cooling Nephritics

Barley	Cold Seeds
Lettuce	Psyllium seed
Endive	Plantain
Purslane	Mallows
Chicory	Marshmallow
Sorrel	Water Lily
Quince	White Poppy
Pumpkin	Sandalwood
Currants	Camphor
Lemon juice

Cooling Nephritic Compounds

Barley Water	Syrup of Vinegar (Oxysaccharum)
Syrup of Violet Comp.	Syrup of Water Lily Flowers
Diamargariton Frigidum	Diatragacanth Frigidum

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