White Atractylodes, Bai Zhu, 白朮
Bai Zhu (TCM)
Sliced White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu) (Adam, 2016)
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Botanical name:
Atractylodes spp.
1. A. macrocephalae (White)
2. A. lancea, A. chinensis (Dark)
Parts used:
Root, rhizome
Temperature & Taste:
Warm, dry. Bitter, sweet
Uses:
1. Tonifies Spleen, increases Qi, Clears Damp:
-digestive weakness with poor appetite, indigestion, diarrhea and weakness
-it can be used for Melancholy disorders associated with Damp
2. Dries Damp, Promotes Urine:
-Edema, fluid retention, reduced urination associated with Spleen deficiency
-good for fluid swelling of the lower body
-Damp-type joint and muscle Pain
-Leukorrhea
-‘replenishes deficient condition in the lumbar region and knees’ (Da MIng)
-‘good for treating arthralgia due to attack of pathogenic Wind, Cold and Damp’. (Shen Nong Ben Cao)
-useful for all Damp-Phlegm conditions associated with deficiency and Spleen weakness
3. Stabilises the Exterior, Stops Sweating:
-Sweating associated with deficiency
-strengthens the exterior defense to prevent acute attacks of Wind-Cold or Epidemics
-‘clears Wind from the skin and face, with headache and vertigo’. (Ming Yi Bie Lu)
4. Calms the Fetus, Prevents Miscarriage:
-Fetal Restlessness (overactive Fetus, heavy, dragging feeling in the lower abdomen during pregnancy, weakness)
-good to strengthen the mother and fetus during pregnancy
-Edema and fluid retention during pregnancy.
Dose:
Light and Dark Atractylodes, and the prepared and unprepared root are all used in similar doses.
Decoction: 6–15 grams
Powder; 1.5–4 grams
Comment:
1. Two separate medicines come under the heading of Atractylodes: White (Bai Zhu) and Dark (Cang Zhu). The White is stronger to increase Qi and tonify the Spleen, for weakness and fatigue. The Dark is stronger to alleviate Damp and also promotes sweat due to its warm and aromatic nature. They are combined for cases with both marked deficiency and damp. In cases where Bai Zhu is required but the person has significant Damp but less debility, Cang Zhu may replace Bai Zhu. In formulas requesting Cang Zhu, Bai Zhu may be used if there is marked debility.
2. Li Shi Zhen said of Bai Zhu and Cang Zhu ‘they have similar therapeutic effects, there is a little difference in their quality’. In older texts such as Shen Nong Ben Cao the two weren’t differentiated.
Preparation:
Substitutes:
Main Combinations:
Spleen Deficiency
1. For Spleen and Qi deficiency with low appetite, fatigue, weakness, Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
2. For Spleen and Stomach and Qi deficiency with Cold, Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
3. Poor digestion, nausea, loose bowels from Spleen weakness with Damp, Atractylodes Bai Zhu with Orange or Tangerine peel.
4. Diarrhea due to Damp and Spleen weakness, Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
Phlegm, Damp
5. Edema, combine Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
6. Thin phlegm in the Chest or Edema and water retention associated with Spleen weakness, … available in PRO version
7. Wind-Phlegm-type Dizziness, Vertigo and Headache, combine Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
Other
8. Spontaneous Sweating:
i. associated with deficiency, combine Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
ii. with aversion to Wind, Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
10. Restless Fetus:
i. associated with Heat, combine Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
ii. due to marked Qi deficiency (fatigue, pale face, breathless), combine with … available in PRO version
iii. associated with Kidney weakness, combine Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
iv. from Blood deficiency, combine Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
11. Senile Dementia, Atractylodes Bai Zhu with … available in PRO version
Major Formulas:
Ba Zhen Tang
Shi Quan Da Bu Tang
Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang
Liu Jun Zi Tang
Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
Zhen Wu Tang
Dang Gui Shao Yan San
Yu Ping Feng San
Bai Zhu Shao Yao San
Xiao Yao San
Dan Zhi Xiao Yan San
Li Zhong Wan
Po Chai Pill
Cautions:
1. As they are very drying, they are not suitable for dry and Yin deficient conditions.
2. Dark Atractylodes (Cang Zhu) is not used in cases of profuse sweating.
Main Preparations used:
GENERAL / REVIEW
–The Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A Comprehensive Review on the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.
–Bioactive constituents from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala.
–The chemistry and efficacy benefits of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.
PROCESSING
–Enhancing the anti-inflammatory efficacy of polysaccharides through processing techniques: a case study on Atractylodes macrocephala.
–In vitro digestion of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide and fermentation of human intestinal flora as affected by bran frying.
–Stir-frying modulates chemical transformation in atractylodes macrocephala essential oil: Mechanistic insights into volatile component dynamics.
–Stir-frying duration modulates structural characterization and functional properties of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides.
–*The traditional Chinese medicine processing change chemical composition and pharmacological effectiveness: Taking Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. and honey bran-fried Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. as examples.
IMMUNOSTIMULANT / IMMUNOREGULATORY:
–Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) Relieves Immunosuppression in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Geese by Maintaining a Humoral and Cellular Immune Balance.
ANTIBACTERIA
HELICOBACTER
–Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizoma of Atractylodes macrocephala.
ANTI-VIRAL:
–Antiviral activities of atractylon from Atractylodis Rhizoma.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Atractylone in the Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizoma Essential Oil and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity
–Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizomes Contain Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpenes.
–Inflammatory Inhibitory Activity of Sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizomes.
ANTI-OXIDANT:
–Anti-oxidant activity with inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by Atractylodes Rhizoma extract.
–Structure, rheology and antioxidant properties of a polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala in Pan’an.
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
–The anti-hyperlipidemia effect of Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome increased HDL via reverse cholesterol transfer.
OBESITY
–The Root of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi Prevents Obesity and Glucose Intolerance and Increases Energy Metabolism in Mice.
–Anti-Obesity Effects of a Mixture of Atractylodes macrocephala and Amomum villosum Extracts on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice.
INCREASES ENERGY METABOLISM (in mice)
–The Root of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi Prevents Obesity and Glucose Intolerance and Increases Energy Metabolism in Mice.
DEPRESSION
–Atractylenolide III reduces depressive- and anxiogenic-like behaviors in rat depression models.
NEUROPROTECTIVE (Components):
–Two new compounds from Atractylodes macrocephala with neuroprotective activity.
–Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE
–Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory liver injury by reducing pyroptosis of macrophage via regulating LncRNA GAS5/miR-223-3p/NLRP3 axis.
–Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviates NAFLD-induced hepatic inflammation in mice by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway.
–Protective effects of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides on acetaminophen-induced liver injury.
–Atractylenolide I Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury via the TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathways.
–Protective effect of a polysaccharide from Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae on acute liver injury in mice.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE
–Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviated fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension and renal injury via suppressing SIRT1/Nlrp3/caspase-1 pathway in mice.
ANTI-AGEING
–Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides shield a D-galactose-induced aging model via gut microbiota modulation.
–[Anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine： potential mechanisms involving AMPK pathway and calorie restriction based on “medicine-food homology” theory].
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
–Exploring the Efficacy and Target Genes of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Against Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Multi-Omics, Computational Chemistry, and Experimental Verification.
–[Mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala against Alzheimer’s disease via regulating lysophagy based on LKB1-AMPK-TFEB pathway].
ANTI-TUMOR:
–Structural characterization and anti-tumor effects of an inulin-type fructan from Atractylodes chinensis.
CANCER
CERVICAL
–Atractylodes macrocephala III suppresses EMT in cervical cancer by regulating IGF2BP3 through ETV5.
COLON
–Six polyacetylenes from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and their anti-colon cancer activity.
GASTRIC
–Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz against Human Gastric Cancer.
LUNG
–Combining network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Codonopsis Radix.-Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.-Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz. in treating lung cancer.
GASTRITIS
–Inhibition of the Akt/NF-κB pathway is involved in the anti-gastritis effects of an ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala.
CONSTIPATION
–Polysaccharide extracted from Atractylodes macrocephala improves the spleen deficiency constipation in mice by regulating the gut microbiota to affect the 5-HT synthesis.
COLITIS:
–Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.
–Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction and Anti-inflammatory Actions of Atractylodes macrocephala and Taraxacum herba Extracts Prevented Colitis and Was More Effective than Sulfasalazine in Preventing Relapse
–Anti-colitic effects of the modified Bojanggunbi-tang on dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse colitis model.
IRRITABLE BOWEL DISEASE
–Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz Alleviates Symptoms in Zymosan-Induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mouse Model through TRPV1, NaV1.5, and NaV1.7 Channel Modulation.
–Atractylodes macrocephala-Paeonia lactiflora Class Formula for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
–Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. volatile oil relieves acute ulcerative colitis via regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolism.
–Orally Deliverable Dual-Targeted Pellets for the Synergistic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.
GASTRO-PROTECTIVE:
–[Effect of Rhizoma Atractylodis extract in protecting gastric mucosa and modulating gastrointestinal immune function in a rat model of spleen deficiency].
–[Effects of Methanol Extracts from Atractylodes macrocephalae Rhizoma on Small Intestinal Epi- thelial Cell Proliferation and Migration, and Expression of Phospholipase C-γl].
INTESTINAL MUCOSAL INJURY
–Protective effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephalae Koidz. against dextran sulfate sodium induced intestinal mucosal injury on mice.
MODULATES GUT MICROBIOTA:
–Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala alleviates spleen-deficiency constipation in rats by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
–Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. alleviates pyrotinib-induced diarrhea through regulating cAMP/LKB1/AMPK/CFTR pathway and restoring gut microbiota and metabolites.
–Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides shield a D-galactose-induced aging model via gut microbiota modulation.
–[Effect of Rhizoma Atractylodis extract in protecting gastric mucosa and modulating gastrointestinal immune function in a rat model of spleen deficiency].
