Uses:

1. Moves the Blood, Clears Stasis, Stops Pain:

-bruising from Trauma, all types of Swellings, Aches and Pains associated with Blood stasis.
-fresh plant tincture is taken for Lumps, Thickening, Knots or Kernals of the flesh following Trauma (ie. Hematoma)
-internally and externally for Swellings and Lumps of the Breast.
-Heart Pain, Myocarditis
-Venous Congestion.
-Joint Pain associated with heat and/or blood stagnation; Gout and hot Swollen Joints
-small doses for difficulty walking during pregnancy

2. Clears Liver Heat:

-Liver heat: Headache, Red Eyes, Irritability etc
-Hepatitis, Fever from Liver Heat.
-Depression and Lack of Clarity of thought, and was also
-‘a most excellent remedy’ against Hectic Fever

3. Clears Heat, Benefits the Eyes:

-all types of eye disorders coming from Heat and Inflammation.
-as an Eyewash or an ointment around the eyes
-fresh juice was dropped into ‘Running Eyes’.
-some older herbalists claimed it to be superior to other eye herbs.

4. Externally:

-all internal and external Wounds
-Ulcers of the Mouth, Tongue and Throat, as well as of the Genitals.
-fresh Leaves are bruised and applied to all types of Inflammations including those of the Breast and Testicles.
-ointment is applied to Wounds with Inflammation.
-Hernias and other Ruptures.

Main Combinations:

1. Internal Bleeding, with Walnut leaf (Meyer)
2. Bleeding from the Lungs, with Willow leaf, Periwinkle, Knotgrass (Meyer)
3. Consumption, with Snails, Pearl Barley, Sea Holly root as a decoction (Fuller)
4. Myocarditis, with Hawthorn berry and Calendula (Wonder in Weeds, W. Smith)
5. As a wash for knots, kernels and swellings, with Agrimony

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